Nervous control of the visceral systems plays a significant role in regulation of the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Inhibitory noncholinergic nonadrenergic synaptic transmission was discovered by a group of Australian scientists in 1963 (Burnstock et al., 1963). Later on, Prof. G. Burnstock suggested that ATP is the mediator of nonadrenergic inhibition (Burnstock et al., 1970). For many years, this neuromuscular transmission could not be suppressed by a variety of well-known blockers of synaptic transmission despite its physiological significance. In 1978, Prof. P.G. Kostyuk, interested in our advances and understanding our difficulties in the research work, offered to begin investigations of the action of neurotoxins on synaptic transmission in smooth muscles. Thanks to his great scientific authority, we established fruitful scientific cooperation with the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (Moscow, Russia). In common investigations of the action of different neurotoxins, we showed that a polypeptide from bee venom — apamin — is more effective in relation to noncholinergic nonadrenergic neuromuscular transmission in gastrointestinal smooth muscles.